Gusaza n'ubuzima

Ibintu by'ingenzi

Hagati ya 2015 na 2050, umubare w'abatuye isi mu myaka 60 uzikuba kabiri kuva kuri 12% kugeza kuri 22%.
Muri 2020, umubare wabantu bafite imyaka 60 nayirenga bazaruta abana barengeje imyaka 5.
Muri 2050, 80% byabantu bakuze bazaba mu bihugu bikennye kandi biciriritse.
Umuvuduko wo gusaza kwabaturage urihuta cyane kuruta mbere.
Ibihugu byose bihura n’ibibazo bikomeye kugirango ubuzima bwabo n’imibereho myiza yiteguye gukoresha neza iri hinduka ry’abaturage.

Incamake

Abantu ku isi baramba. Uyu munsi, abantu benshi barashobora kwitega kubaho mumyaka mirongo itandatu na nyuma yayo. Ibihugu byose byo ku isi birimo kwiyongera haba mu bunini no ku kigereranyo cy’abantu bakuze mu baturage.
Kugeza 2030, umuntu 1 kuri 6 kwisi azaba afite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga. Muri iki gihe umugabane w’abaturage bafite imyaka 60 nayirenga uzava kuri miliyari 1 muri 2020 ujye kuri miliyari 1.4. Kugeza 2050, abatuye isi bafite imyaka 60 nayirenga bazikuba kabiri (miliyari 2,1). Biteganijwe ko umubare w’abantu bafite imyaka 80 cyangwa irenga uzikuba gatatu hagati ya 2020 na 2050 ukagera kuri miliyoni 426.
Mugihe iyi mpinduka mugusaranganya abaturage bigihugu mugihugu cyashaje - kizwi nko gusaza kwabaturage - cyatangiriye mubihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi (urugero nko mubuyapani 30% byabaturage bamaze kurenza imyaka 60), ubu ni hasi- na hagati- ibihugu byinjiza birimo impinduka zikomeye. Kugeza mu 2050, bibiri bya gatatu by'abatuye isi mu myaka 60 bazaba mu bihugu bikennye kandi biciriritse.

Gusaza byasobanuwe

Kurwego rwibinyabuzima, gusaza biva ku ngaruka zo kwegeranya kwinshi kwangirika kwa molekile na selile mugihe. Ibi biganisha ku kugabanuka gahoro gahoro mubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge, ibyago byo kwandura indwara amaherezo. Izi mpinduka ntabwo ari umurongo cyangwa guhuza, kandi zifitanye isano gusa nimyaka yumuntu mumyaka. Ubwinshi bugaragara mubusaza ntabwo ari impanuka. Usibye impinduka zishingiye ku binyabuzima, gusaza akenshi bifitanye isano nizindi mpinduka zubuzima nko gukukuruka, kwimukira mu mazu akwiye ndetse nurupfu rwinshuti nabafatanyabikorwa.

Ubuzima busanzwe bujyanye no gusaza

Ibintu bikunze kugaragara mubusaza harimo kutumva, cataracte namakosa yangiritse, kubabara umugongo nijosi hamwe na osteoarthritis, indwara zidakira zifata ibihaha, diyabete, kwiheba no guta umutwe. Mugihe abantu basaza, birashoboka cyane ko bahura nibihe byinshi icyarimwe.
Ubusaza nabwo burangwa no kuvuka kwa leta zitandukanye zubuzima zikunze kwitwa syndromes geriatric. Akenshi ni ingaruka zimpamvu nyinshi zifatika kandi zirimo intege nke, kutagira inkari, kugwa, delirium nigisebe cyumuvuduko.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gusaza kwiza

Ubuzima burebure buzana amahirwe, ntabwo kubantu bakuze nimiryango yabo gusa, ahubwo no mumiryango muri rusange. Imyaka yinyongera itanga amahirwe yo gukurikirana ibikorwa bishya nko gukomeza amashuri, umwuga mushya cyangwa ishyaka ryirengagijwe. Abantu bakuze nabo batanga umusanzu muburyo bwinshi mumiryango yabo. Nyamara ingano yaya mahirwe nintererano biterwa cyane nikintu kimwe: ubuzima.

Ibimenyetso byerekana ko igipimo cyubuzima mubuzima bwiza cyagumye gihoraho, bivuze ko imyaka yinyongera iri mubuzima bubi. Niba abantu bashobora guhura niyi myaka yinyongera yubuzima mubuzima bwiza kandi niba batuye ahantu hashyigikiwe, ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora ibintu baha agaciro ntibuzaba butandukanye cyane nubwa muto. Niba iyi myaka yongeyeho yiganjemo kugabanuka mubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge, ingaruka kubantu bakuze ndetse no muri societe ni mbi.

Nubwo bimwe mubitandukanye mubuzima bwabantu bakuze ari genetike, ibyinshi biterwa nubuzima bwabantu n’imibereho - harimo amazu yabo, abaturanyi, ndetse n’abaturage, ndetse n’imiterere yabo - nk'igitsina cyabo, ubwoko bwabo, cyangwa imibereho yabo. Ibidukikije abantu babamo nkabana - cyangwa ndetse no gukura kwinda - bifatanije nimiterere yabo, bigira ingaruka ndende kuburyo basaza.

Ibidukikije hamwe n’imibereho bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa binyuze mu nzitizi cyangwa gushimangira bigira ingaruka ku mahirwe, ibyemezo n’imyitwarire y’ubuzima. Kugumana imyitwarire myiza mubuzima bwose, cyane cyane kurya indyo yuzuye, kwishora mubikorwa byumubiri bisanzwe no kwirinda kunywa itabi, byose bigira uruhare mukugabanya ibyago byindwara zitandura, kuzamura ubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge no gutinda kwishingikiriza kubitaho.

Ibidukikije bifatika hamwe nibidukikije nabyo bifasha abantu gukora ibyingenzi kuri bo, nubwo batakaza mubushobozi. Kuboneka kw'inyubako rusange n’ubwikorezi rusange kandi bitwara abantu, hamwe n’ahantu byoroshye kuzenguruka, ni ingero z’ibidukikije byunganira. Mugutezimbere ubuzima-rusange bwubuzima busaza, ntabwo ari ngombwa gutekereza gusa kuburyo umuntu ku giti cye n’ibidukikije bikuraho igihombo kijyanye no gusaza, ariko nanone bishobora gushimangira gukira, kurwanya imihindagurikire no gukura mu bitekerezo.

Inzitizi mu gusubiza gusaza kwabaturage

Nta muntu ukuze usanzwe. Abagera ku myaka 80 bafite ubushobozi bwumubiri nubwenge busa nabenshi bafite imyaka 30. Abandi bantu bagabanuka cyane mubushobozi mumyaka mike cyane. Igisubizo cyuzuye cyubuzima rusange kigomba gukemura ubu buryo butandukanye bwabasaza nibikenewe.

Ubwinshi bugaragara mubusaza ntabwo ari impanuka. Igice kinini kiva mubidukikije byumubiri nimbonezamubano hamwe ningaruka zibi bidukikije kumahirwe yabo nimyitwarire yubuzima. Umubano dufitanye nibidukikije uhindagurika bitewe nibiranga umuntu nkumuryango twavukiyemo, igitsina cyacu nubwoko bwacu, biganisha ku busumbane mubuzima.

Abantu bakuze bakunze gufatwa nkintege nke cyangwa batunzwe kandi ni umutwaro kuri societe. Inzobere mu buzima rusange, hamwe na sosiyete muri rusange, bakeneye gukemura iyi myitwarire n’indi myaka y’imyaka, ishobora gutera ivangura, bigira ingaruka ku buryo politiki yatezwa imbere ndetse n’amahirwe abantu bakuze bafite bwo gusaza neza.

Kuba isi ihinduka, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga (urugero, mu bwikorezi n’itumanaho), imijyi, kwimuka no guhindura amahame y’uburinganire bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yabantu bakuze muburyo butaziguye kandi butaziguye. Igisubizo cyubuzima rusange kigomba gusuzuma iyi nzira igezweho kandi iteganijwe hamwe na politiki ikurikiza.

OMS igisubizo

Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yatangaje 2021–2030 Imyaka icumi y’imyaka ishaje kandi isaba OMS kuyobora ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Imyaka icumi yubuzima bwiza nubufatanye bwisi yose ihuza guverinoma, societe civile, imiryango mpuzamahanga, abanyamwuga, amasomo, itangazamakuru n’abikorera kumyaka 10 yibikorwa bihuriweho, bitera inkunga kandi bifatanya kugirango ubuzima burambye kandi buzira umuze.

Imyaka icumi yubakiye kuri gahunda ya OMS ku isi no muri gahunda y'ibikorwa na gahunda mpuzamahanga y’umuryango w’abibumbye Madrid ku bijyanye no gusaza kandi ishyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye 2030 yerekeye iterambere rirambye n’intego z’iterambere rirambye.

Imyaka icumi yubusaza buzira umuze (2021–2030) irashaka kugabanya ubusumbane bwubuzima no kuzamura imibereho yabantu bakuze, imiryango yabo ndetse n’abaturage binyuze mu bikorwa rusange mu bice bine: guhindura uko dutekereza, ibyiyumvo byacu ndetse n’ibikorwa tugana ku myaka no gusaza; guteza imbere abaturage muburyo butezimbere ubushobozi bwabantu bakuze; gutanga serivisi zita kubantu hamwe na serivisi z'ubuzima zibanze zita kubantu bakuze; no guha abantu bakuze babikeneye kubona ubuvuzi bwigihe kirekire.